(A) Basic Electricity and Magnetism

1. Electrostatics: Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Electric field lines. Superposition Principle. Electric flux. Idea of charge density (linear, surface, volume) and continuous charge distributions. Gauss’ Law (in integral form) with applications to charge distributions with spherical, cylindrical and planar symmetry. Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field. Introduction to electrostatic potential, Equipotential surfaces. Calculation of potential for linear, surface and volume charge distributions: simple cases (e.g.: uniform line charge, disc, spherical shell, sphere etc). Potential and field due to a physical dipole; Torque, force and Potential Energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field.

Electrostatic energy of a system of charges, a charged sphere. Conductors in an electrostatic Field. Mechanical force on the surface of a charged conductor. Surface charge and force on a conductor. Capacitance of a system of charged conductors. Capacitance for parallel-plate, cylindrical, spherical capacitors (without dielectrics). Energy stored in the Electrostatic field

2. Lorentz force: Force on a moving charge in simultaneous electric and magnetic fields, force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Trajectory of charged particles in uniform electric field, crossed uniform electric and magnetic fields. Basic principle of cyclotron. 

3. Magnetostatics: Concept of current density (linear, surface, volume). Equation of continuity. Biot and Savart's law, magnetic field due to a straight conductor, circular coil, Helmholtz coil, solenoid. Ampere's circuital law with applications (Infinite long wire, infinite solenoid, infinite current sheet). Magnetic field due to a small current loop - concept of magnetic dipole. Torque and force on magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. 

 

(B) Introduction to Thermodynamics [28 LP]

1. Kinetic theory: Macroscopic and microscopic description of matter, Postulates of molecular kinetic theory of an ideal gas, Relation between microscopic and macroscopic state variables, Maxwell’s velocity distribution, Concept of pressure and temperature. [3 LP]

2. Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics: Extensive and intensive thermodynamic variables. Thermodynamic equilibrium, zero-th law of Thermodynamics & concept of temperature. Concept of work & heat, State Functions, internal energy and first law of Thermodynamics, its differential form, first law & various processes. Applications of first law: General relation between CP and CV, work done during isothermal and adiabatic processes, compressibility and expansion coefficient. [9 LP]

3. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible process with examples. Interconversion of work and heat. Heat engines. Carnot’s cycle, Carnot engine & efficiency. Refrigerator & coefficient of performance, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements for the second law and their equivalence. Carnot’s Theorem. Applications of second law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic scale of temperature and its equivalence to perfect gas scale. [10 LP]

3. Entropy: Concept of Entropy, Clausius theorem. Clausius inequality, Second law of Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy. Entropy of a perfect gas. Principle of increase of Entropy. Entropy changes in reversible and irreversible processes with examples. Entropy of the universe. Principle of increase of Entropy. Temperature- Entropy diagrams for different cycles. Third law of Thermodynamics. Unattainability of absolute zero. [6 LP]